An overview of all sorts of commands and script usage.

Useful links:

• Best practices and Styling
• Common parameters

Get-Help with -Parameter is a quick way to examine the data type a given parameter expects:

PS> Get-Help Get-ChildItem -Parameter Path
 
-Path <String[]>
    Specifies a path to one or more locations. Wildcards are permitted. The default location is the current directory (`.`).
 
    Required?                    false
    Position?                    0
    Default value                Current directory
    Accept pipeline input?       True (ByPropertyName, ByValue)
    Accept wildcard characters?  false

View history of powershell commands and invoke them using “r #”

Get-History
<# Output #>
r 1

See all saved commands in vscode

code (Get-PSReadLineOption).HistorySavePath

If statement

if (($alllogs -eq "True") -AND ($result)){
    Write-Host "Both statements are true"
}elseif (($buildreason -eq "IndividualCI") -or ($buildreason -eq "BatchedCI") -or ($buildreason -eq "PullRequest")){
    Write-Host "At least one of the statements is true"
}else {
    Write-Host "None of the statements is true"
}

Count number of strings / objects

# string
$een = "een"
$een.Count 
1
 
# Array
$twee = @("een","twee")
$twee.count
2

Length

# string
$een = "een"
$een.Length 
3
 
# Array
$twee = @("een","twee")
$twee.Length
2
$twee[0].Length
3

Measure-Object - Sometimes counting when there is only one item can fail, use measure-object instead.

$een = "een"
($een | Measure-Object).Count
1
$twee = @("een","twee")
($twee | Measure-Object).Count
2

# Dates
$timestamp = Get-Date -format "yyyyMMdd-HH.mm" # 20211011-14.27
$readdate = Get-Date -format "d MMM yyyy" # 11 Oct 2021
$weekdate = Get-Date -uformat %V # Week number # 41
$monthdate = Get-Date -format "MMMM-yyyy" # May-2021

Try Catch Error Finally with LineNumber for troubleshooting

function Get-ScriptLineNumber { 
   return $MyInvocation.ScriptLineNumber }
try{
    Write-Host "Do something that you want to catch the error of"
}catch{
    # Catch the error
    Write-Host "Full Error: $_"
    # Or error out after all
    Throw "Failed on: $actionname; Status: Failed; Line: $(Get-ScriptLineNumber); Error: $($_.Exception.Message)"
}finally {
    <#Do this after the try block regardless of whether an exception occurred or not#>
    # For example, clean up remote ps sessions
}

Enable logging of script

### Script Variables ###
$scriptname = [System.IO.Path]::GetFilenameWithoutExtension($MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path.ToString())
$scriptlocation = Split-Path $myinvocation.mycommand.path
$date = (Get-Date).ToString('yyyyMMdd-HHmm')
 
### Start transcript for full logging capabilities ###
start-transcript -path "$scriptlocation\$scriptname-$date-logtranscript.txt"
 
### Stop transcript
Stop-transcript

Script output and Write-Host options

# Inside a function use return or write-output
return "value"
Write-Output $value
# Output an object without adding it to the function output
Write-Host "color" -ForegroundColor Red  -BackgroundColor green -noNewLine 
$object | Out-Host

Input password

$password = Read-Host "Enter password" -asSecureString

Use padright to fill a line with one symbol

Write-Host ''.PadRight(78, '=')
# Or with a variable
$wide = 32
Write-Host ''.PadRight($wide, '=')

About Preference Variables

Verbose Preference

# Default
$VerbosePreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
# Override: -Verbose
 
# Verbose output
$VerbosePreference = 'Continue'
# Override: -Verbose:$false

Debug Preference

# Default
$DebugPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
# Debug output
$DebugPreference = 'Continue'

Whatif Preference

# Default
$WhatIfPreference = $false
# Override: -WhatIf
 
# When WhatIf is enabled, the cmdlet reports the expected effect of the command, but doesn't execute the command.
$WhatIfPreference = $true
# Override: -WhatIf:$false

Set system (environment) variable

$env:var="value"

Get all system (environment) variables, sorted by name

get-childitem -path env:* | Sort Name

Variables in function
Declare a variable with script scope to use it in a function

$script:orgUrl = "https://dev.azure.com/getshiftingcom"
$script:apiversion = "api-version=6.0"
function SetBuildTag {
  # Load Azure DevOps API settings
  AzureDevOpsAPISettings
  foreach ($tag in $tags){
      $tagurl = "$orgUrl/$env:System_Teamproject/_apis/build/builds/$env:BUILD_BUILDID/tags/$($tag)?$apiversion"
  }
}

Set system variables with a dash/hyphen

${env:test-app_user} = "svc-test-dev"
$user = ${env:test-app_user}

Set variables

$AdminCredentials = Get-Credential
$remotePort = 5986
$pso = New-PSSessionOption -SkipCACheck -SkipCNCheck -SkipRevocationCheck
$Culture = "en-US"
$pso.Culture = $Culture
$pso.UICulture = $Culture 
$sessionParams = @{}
$sessionParams.Add('UseSSL', $true) 
$sessionParams.Add('Port', $remotePort) 
$sessionParams.Add('Credential', $AdminCredentials)

Start session to restart computer

$session = New-PSSession -ComputerName webserverdmz.domain -EnableNetworkAccess -SessionOption $pso @sessionParams
Invoke-Command -Session $session -ScriptBlock {Restart-Computer}
Remove-PSSession $session

See here for guidelines.

function Use-AzureDevOpsApi{ #Use Get-Verb for a list of approved verbs
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Short description
 
    .DESCRIPTION
        Long description
 
    .PARAMETER Pat
        Explain the parameter Pat. Repeat for additional parameters.
 
    .OUTPUTS
        Explain the powershell output, if any
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Pipeline example:
        - task: PowerShell@2
          displayName: "Use Default SystemAccessToken" 
          env:
            SYSTEM_ACCESSTOKEN: $(System.AccessToken) 
          inputs:
            pwsh: true
            targetType: 'inline'
            script: |
                # Load Azure DevOps API settings
                Use-AzureDevOpsApi
 
        Script example:
        Use-AzureDevOpsApi -Pat $Pat
 
    .LINK
        System access token: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/build/variables?view=azure-devops&tabs=yaml#systemaccesstoken
 
    .NOTES
        Author : Sjoerd Hooft
        Version: 2022-08-03 
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateLength(52,52)] # See for more paramater validation https://poshcode.gitbook.io/powershell-practice-and-style/style-guide/function-structure 
        [ValidateSet("dev", "tst", "acc")]
        [string]
        $Pat
    )
 
    begin {
        Write-Host "##[section]Function: $($MyInvocation.MyCommand)"
        Write-Verbose "Input: $($PSBoundParameters | Out-String)"
 
        # Set Verbose switch based on PSBoundParameters
        $CmdLetOutput = @{Verbose = $($PSBoundParameters.Verbose)}
        # Collect information
    }
 
    process {
        # Do stuff
    }
 
    end {
        # Cleanup
    }
}

• Not null or empty: [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
• Latest or YYYY-MM: [ValidatePattern("latest|20\d{2}[-]\d{2}")]
• Email: [ValidatePattern('(.+@getshifting\.com)$')]
• Specific server name: [ValidatePattern("web(dev|tst|acc)dmz0[12]")]
• Environment: [ValidateSet("dev", "tst", "acc", "prd")]
• Number between: [ValidateRange(8,100)]
• Length range: [ValidateLength(8,12)]
• Length exactly: [ValidateLength(8,8)]

Check Azure powershell module depending on PS version

Write-Host "Check required PowerShell Modules `n" 
# The "new" PS module for Azure requires PowerShell 7
if ($($PSVersionTable.PSVersion).Major -eq 7){
  if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name AZ) {
    Write-Host "PowerShell module Azure exists"
  } else {
    Write-Host "PowerShell module Azure does not exist. Start installation. "
    Install-Module -Name Az -Scope CurrentUser -Repository PSGallery -Force
  }
}else{
    Throw "Powershell needs to be version 7"
}

PowerShell DNS Module

if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name DnsServer) {
    Write-Host "PowerShell module DnsServer exists"
} else {
    Write-Host "Module DNSServer does not exist. Starting installation"
    Import-Module ServerManager
    Add-WindowsFeature -Name "RSAT-DNS-Server"
}

PowerShell AD Module

# Because ActiveDirectory is a 5.1 module you need to add -All 
if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -All -Name ActiveDirectory) {
    Write-Host "PowerShell module ActiveDirectory exists"
} else {
    Write-Host "Module ActiveDirectory does not exist. Starting installation"
    Import-Module ServerManager
    Add-WindowsFeature -Name "RSAT-AD-PowerShell" –IncludeAllSubFeature
}

PowerShell Pester module, remove shipped version and install latest version (Needs PS 7)

if (Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester) {
  # Check for version 3.4 and if available remove it
  Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester
  if (((((Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester).Version).Major) -eq 3) -AND ((((Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester).Version).Minor) -eq 4)) {
    Write-Host "PowerShell Module Pester is version 3.4 which is shipped along with Win10/Windows 2016. Start removal:"
    $module = "C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\Pester"
    takeown /F $module /A /R
    icacls $module /reset
    icacls $module /grant "*S-1-5-32-544:F" /inheritance:d /T
    Remove-Item -Path $module -Recurse -Force -Confirm:$false
  }
  # Verifieer of Pester al aanwezig met minimaal versie 5
  if ((((Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester).Version).Major) -ne 5) {
    Write-Host "PowerShell module Pester is not up to date"
    Install-Module -Name Pester -Force -Scope CurrentUser
  }else{
    Write-Host "PowerShell Module Pester is available with minimal version of 5:"
    Get-Module -ListAvailable -Name Pester
  }
} else {
  Write-Host "PowerShell module Pester does not exist. Start installation. "
  Install-Module -Name Pester -Force -Scope CurrentUser
}

IIS Administration Module, install extra version, see the version and the available commandlets. Note that this needs to be done in PowerShell 5 Administrative Shell

Install-Module -Name IISAdministration -Scope AllUsers -Force #Installs latest version next to it (1.1.0.0)
Import-Module IISAdministration -RequiredVersion 1.1.0.0
$mod = Get-Module -Name IISAdministration
$mod.Version
$mod.ExportedCmdlets | Format-Table

Import PS Module

Import-Module Pester

Get commands within a module

Get-Command -module Pester

Get module for a command

Get-Command Get-Service

Remove / Unload a PowerShell module

Remove-Module Pester

With custom PS Object and export to csv

$myCol = @()
foreach ($vm in (get-vmhost esxprd101.intranet | get-vm )){
  $VMInfo = "" | Select-Object VMName,VMHostName,NICCount
  $VMInfo.VMName = $vmview.Name
  $VMInfo.VMHostName = $vmview.Guest.HostName
  $VMInfo.NICCount = $vmview.Guest.Net.Count
  $myCol += $VMInfo
}
$myCol |Export-csv -NoTypeInformation $csvfile

Overview

# logical and comparison 
# -and, -or, -not , ! : Connect expressions 
# -eq, -ne : Equal, not equal 
# -gt / -lt, -ge / -le : Greater/less than, greater or equal / less or equal 
# -replace 
# -match / -notmatch : Regular expression match 
# -like / -notlike : wilcard matching 
# -contains / -notcontains : check for value in array: $array -contains $value
# -in / -notin : reverse syntax from contains: $value in $array 

Change directory (alias cd)

Set-Location c:\

Change directory and back

PS C:\Users\sjoer> Push-Location c:\
PS C:\> Pop-Location
PS C:\Users\sjoer>

Stop Windows Service

# Stop the service while checking the state for x² seconds and kill it if that doesn't work
Write-Host "Stopping Service: $servicename; Status: Initiating"
$sleeper = 1
while (((Get-Service -Name "$servicename").Status -ne "Stopped") -AND ($sleeper -lt 128)){
    if ($sleeper -eq 1){
        Stop-Service -Name "$servicename"
    } elseif ($sleeper -eq 32){
        Stop-Service -Name "$servicename" -Force -NoWait
    } elseif ($sleeper -eq 64){
        # Try to kill the process now
        $servicepid = (Get-CimInstance win32_service -Filter "Name = '$servicename'").ProcessId
        try{
            Stop-Process -id $servicepid -Force
        }catch{
            Throw "Stopping Service: $servicename; Stopping process: $servicepid; Status: Failed; Error: $($_.Exception.Message)"
        }
    }
    if ($alllogs -eq "True"){Write-Host "Stopping Service: $servicename; Sleeptime: $sleeper seconds"}
    Start-Sleep -Seconds $sleeper
    $sleeper = $sleeper * 2
}

Restart all Windows Services

get-service -name grn* -ComputerName appprd02 | Restart-Service -Verbose

Start all stopped Windows Services

Get-Service -Name grn* -ComputerName appprd01,appprd02,appprd03,appacc01,appacc02,apptst01,apptst02,appdev01,appdev02 | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq 'Stopped'} | Start-Service -Verbose
Get-Service | where {($_.Status -eq 'Stopped') -and ($_.name -like 'Grn*') -and ($_.StartType -eq 'Automatic')} | Start-Service

Note: -ComputerName only works in PS 5

Install Windows Service depends on Powershell version

if ($($PSVersionTable.PSVersion).Major -eq 7){
    New-Service -Name $serviceName -BinaryPathName $binaryAppExecutable -StartupType "AutomaticDelayedStart" -Credential $appuserCredentials
}else {
    New-Service -Name $serviceName -BinaryPathName $binaryAppExecutable -StartupType "Automatic" -Credential $appuserCredentials
    sc.exe config $serviceName start= delayed-auto
}

Note: PS 5 does not understand the startuptype AutomaticDelayedStart

Delete Windows Service

sc.exe delete windows.service

Note: In cmd you can use sc, in powershell sc is an alias for set-content, so you need to use sc.exe

Restart all App Pools

& $env:windir\system32\inetsrv\appcmd list apppools /state:Started /xml | & $env:windir\system32\inetsrv\appcmd recycle apppools /in

Note: This does not start stopped app pools

Restart all App Pools Remotely

$servers = 'web01','web02','web03'
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $servers { & $env:windir\system32\inetsrv\appcmd list apppools /state:Started /xml | & $env:windir\system32\inetsrv\appcmd recycle apppools /in }

Note:This does not start stopped app pools

Get the process for a IIS Site (always running under w3wp):

# Site and Appool have the same name:
$site = "customerapi"
processId = (Get-WmiObject -Class win32_process -filter "name='w3wp.exe'" | Where-Object { ($_.CommandLine).Split("`"")[1] -eq $site } ).ProcessId

Note: This one is also listed under Windows Process Management

View cert info

certutil -v -dump <path to cert>

Open Current User Certificate store:

certmgr.msc

Open Local Machine Certificate store:

certlm.msc

Get specific details from specific certificates from a list of servers and export to csv

$servers = @("server1","server2","server3")
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $servers {Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My | where-object {(($_.DnsNameList -like  "*rabobank*") -OR ($_.Subject -like "*rabobank*"))} |select-object @{name="hostname";expression={$(hostname)}},DnsNameList,NotAfter,Thumbprint,Subject,Issuer,FriendlyName} | Export-Csv certs.csv -NoTypeInformation

Get all processes

$processes = Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Process | Select-Object ProcessName,ProcessId,CommandLine,Path | sort processid

Kill a process

try{
    $processid = (Get-CimInstance win32_process -Filter "Name = 'mmc.exe'").ProcessId
    if ($null -ne $processid){
        Stop-Process -id $processid -Force
    }
}catch{
    Write-Host "Error killing mmc: $_"
}

Get the process for a IIS Site (always running under w3wp):

# Site and Appool have the same name:
$site = "customerapi"
processId = (Get-WmiObject -Class win32_process -filter "name='w3wp.exe'" | Where-Object { ($_.CommandLine).Split("`"")[1] -eq $site } ).ProcessId

Get the process and child processes:

$id = (Start-Process cmd.exe -PassThru).id
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Process -Filter "ParentProcessId = '$id' or ProcessId ='$id'" | Select-Object ParentProcessId,ProcessId,CommandLine

Get all process from a specific path

$dir = "appdir"
Write-Host "Alle processen in Path -like $dir"
Get-CimInstance win32_process -Property * | Where-Object {$_.path -like "*$dir*"}

Kill process and child processes

$id = (Start-Process cmd.exe -PassThru).id
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Process -Filter "ParentProcessId = '$id' or ProcessId ='$id'" | Select-Object ParentProcessId,ProcessId,CommandLine | ForEach-Object {Stop-process $_.processId}

Using taskkill

$id = (Start-Process cmd.exe -PassThru).id
# Killing the PID
taskkill /pid $id /t /f
# Or using the image name (executable name without path)
taskkill /im cmd.exe /t /f

Collect uptime, patches, windows version and more

systeminfo 

Set an environment variable until the end of the current command prompt session

set AWS_DEFAULT_REGION eu-west-1

Set an environment variable in both the current command prompt session and all command prompt sessions that you create after running the command

setx AWS_DEFAULT_REGION eu-west-1

Group policy result to html

gpresult /h gpreport.html

Local Group Policy editor

gpedit.msc

GPO Management console:

gpmc.msc

Force GPO update

gpupdate /force

Reboot in 1 second

shutdown -r -t 1

Shutdown in 0 seconds (force option implied)

shutdown -s -t 0

Count all users in all departments

Get-ADUser -SearchBase "OU=Users,DC=GetShifting,DC=local" -filter * -Properties name,department,enabled  | where {$_.enabled -eq "true"} | group department | select name, count

All enabled users that have never logged

Get-ADUser -Filter {(lastlogondate -notlike "*" -AND enabled -eq "True")} -SearchBase "OU=Users,DC=GetShifting,DC=local"

All enabled users that have not logged on for more than 90 days

$90Days = (get-date).adddays(-90)
Get-ADUser -Filter {(lastlogondate -le $90days -AND enabled -eq "True")} -SearchBase "OU=Users,DC=GetShifting,DC=local"

Get the most common reasons on a user for not being able to logon

Get-ADUser User123 -Properties * | Select-Object enabled,passwordexpired,lockedout

All servers

Get-ADComputer -Filter {(operatingSystem -like "*windows*Server*")}

Note: Does not select Windows 2000 Servers.

Select servers on properties

Get-ADComputer -filter {(description -like "*financial*" -AND name -like "SQL*")} -Properties * | select name, description

Get all AD DNS zones with all properties

Get-ChildItem "AD:CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDNSZones,DC=getshifting,DC=local" | Select-Object *

Get all records in a DNS zone with all properties

Get-ChildItem "AD:DC=getshifting.local,CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDNSZones,DC=getshifting,DC=local" | Select-Object *

Get creation and modify date of AD DNS records

Get-ChildItem "AD:DC=getshifting.local,CN=MicrosoftDNS,DC=DomainDNSZones,DC=getshifting,DC=local" | Where-Object {$_.name -like "build*"} | Get-ADObject -Properties Created,Modified | Select-Object Name,Created,Modified

Reverse loopup with ping

ping -a 10.10.10.10

NSlookup with default nameserver

nslookup servername

NSlookup with non-default nameserver ns01

nslookup servername ns01

Remote desktop console

mstsc.exe /v:servername /admin 

Test connection

Test-NetConnection -InformationLevel "Detailed" -Computername $host

Note: This needs (portable) tcpdump, the created file can be opened by (portable) wireshark for analysis. See here for more info on tcpdump.

dump traffic with host 10.10.10.10 on interface 1 to file

\tcpdump.exe -i 1 -vv host 10.10.10.10 -w tcpdumpfile.pcap 

dump traffic with host 10.10.10.10 on interface 1 to file with a readable timestamp format

\tcpdump.exe -i 1 -vv host 10.10.10.10 -tttt -nr tcpdumpfile.pcap 

Renew Ip config remotely without losing access

ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew

Logging output

# Logging output in azure devops
##[group]Beginning of a group - white 
##[warning]Warning message - orange 
##[error]Error message - red 
##[section]Start of a section - green 
##[debug]Debug text - purple 
##[command]Command-line being run - blue 
##[endgroup] - green 
Write-Host "`n##[section]Function: $($MyInvocation.MyCommand).`n"

Log error or warning

Write-Host "##vso[task.logissue type=error]Something went very wrong."
Write-Host "##vso[task.logissue type=warning]Found something that could be a problem."

Generate extra output if debug mode is set

if ($env:SYSTEM_DEBUG -eq "True"){$headers | Out-Host}

Pipeline variable in yaml - without PowerShell

variables:
  - name: BuildConfiguration
    value: 'Release'
- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  displayName: "Build Solutions"
  inputs:
    command: 'build'
    projects: '**/*.sln'
    arguments: '--no-restore --configuration $(BuildConfiguration)'

Pipeline parameter in yaml

if ( "${{ parameters.alllogs }}" -eq "True" ){write-Host "Parameter from pipeline"}

System variable in yaml
Variables can be used like system environment variables

if (Test-Path "$env:Build_SourcesDirectory\$env:Build_Repository_Name\appsettings.Development.json"){Write-Host "System / Environment Variable"}
$sites = get-childitem -path env:* | Where-Object {$_.name -like "*-SiteName"} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty value # Added through Variable Group

Variables can also be used like pipeline variables

get-childitem $(Pipeline.Workspace) 
$dbserver = "$(serverDb)" + "." + "$(dnsZone)" # from Azure App Configuration

Variables in PS scriptfile

$adserver = $env:adServer + "." + $env:domain # from Azure App Configuration
$projects = Get-ChildItem -Path "$env:Build_SourcesDirectory\$env:Build_Repository_Name\deploy\" -Directory | Select-Object Name

Show running container

docker ps
# or
docker container ls

Show all containers

docker ps -a

docker stop/start/restart containers

# Stop
docker stop container_id
# default grace time = 10
docker stop --time=5 container_id 
# Start
docker start container_id
# Restart
# Restart apache container by name
docker container restart httpd_web

Get logging from docker container

docker logs --tail 50 --follow --timestamps httpd_web

grep in logging

docker logs <container_name> 2>&1 | grep <string>

Note that docker logs to stderr do you need to redirect this to stdout

Get docker container info

docker inspect container_id

Get docker container compose info

docker inspect container_id | grep com.docker.compose

Copy a file from or to a container

docker cp tool_db:/var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata/postgresql.conf ./postgresql.conf

Work in a container

docker exec -it container_id /bin/bash

As a different user

docker exec -u postgres -it container_id /bin/bash

Docker compose files are used to start containers. By default, a docker-compose.yml or a docker-compose.yaml file is used.

Start and stop containers from docker-compose file

docker compose up -d
docker compose down

Note the -d switch to start the containers in the background.

See logging

# the logs from each of the services interleaved into a single stream
docker compose logs -f
# the logs just for app
docker compose logs -f app

Docker build, run and show logs of a custom app called privacy

# Build an image called privacyimage
docker build -t privacyimage .
# Run a container called privacycontainer from the image
docker run -d --name privacycontainer privacyimage
# Show the logs from the container
docker logs privacycontainer

# Show all steps in plain output and redo every step (don't use cached steps)
docker build --progress=plain --no-cache  -t consoleappdbtestimage .

Save an image to disk and import somewhere else

# Create a tar file from the consoleappimage
docker save -o ./consoleappimage.tar consoleappimage
# import the image
docker load -i /consoleappimage.tar

A Dockerfile is used to create images:

Default .net app dockerfile:

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:6.0 AS build-env
WORKDIR /App
 
# Copy everything
COPY . ./
# Restore as distinct layers
RUN dotnet restore
# Build and publish a release
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
 
# Build runtime image
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build-env /app/out .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "DockerConsoleApp.dll"]

grep file without empty lines and comments

grep -v '^\s*$\|^\s*\#' postgresql.conf

find file in current and subdirectories

sudo find . -name main.cf

Compare two files

diff file file2

Compare two files next to each other, only differences

diff -y --suppress-common-lines file1 file2

See release

cat /etc/os-release

• Turn off syntax :syntax off
• Delete all below lines, including current: dG
• Past text from windows clipboard through putty: SHIFT + INS

Create csr with new private key (preferred)

openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout *.shiftwiki.nl.key -out *.shiftwiki.nl.key.csr

Create csr with existing key

openssl req -new -key /data/keys/httpd-wild.shiftwiki.nl/oeserver.pem  -out *.shiftwiki.nl.key.csr

View certificate

openssl x509 -text -noout -in certificate.crt

View csr

openssl req -text -in request.csr

Truncate a logfile that has grown too big

sudo truncate -s 0 odoo.log

NOTE: Module AZ only works in PS 7

TLS version

# Set TLS version to use TLS 1.2 
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12

Login and context

Connect-AzAccount
Get-AzContext -ListAvailable
Set-AzContext -Name $dtapEnvironment -Subscription $azureSubscriptionName

Get TenantId

$tenantId = (Get-AzContext).Tenant.Id

Get secret from KeyVault

$adadminpass = (Get-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName kv-operations-global -Name "adAdminPass").SecretValue

Set secret to KeyVault

$userpasswordsecure = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $userpassword -AsPlainText -Force
Set-AzKeyVaultSecret -VaultName kv-operations-global -Name $username -SecretValue $userpasswordsecure

These are just a few examples, see Kusto Queries in Azure for more.

Log errors every 10 minutes in a stacked graph

APP_LOG
| where RawData contains "error"
| summarize count() by Computer, bin(TimeGenerated, 10m)
| order by TimeGenerated
| render areachart

Week overview of errors per service account in a column graph

APP_LOG
| where LogType_CF == '[error]'
| summarize count() by UserName_CF, Computer, bin(TimeGenerated, 1d)
| order by TimeGenerated, UserName_CF
| render columnchart

SQL timeouts in a column graph

exceptions
| where outerMessage has "timeout" and outerType == "Microsoft.Data.SqlClient.SqlException"
| summarize count() by bin(timestamp, 1d), cloud_RoleName
| order by timestamp
| render columnchart

All exceptions per 30 seconds per application

exceptions
| where outerMessage contains "timeout"
| where cloud_RoleName != ""
| summarize count() by bin(timestamp, 30s), cloud_RoleName
| order by timestamp

All high severity level exceptions of a specific type

exceptions
| where severityLevel > 2 and type == 'MassTransit.RequestTimeoutException'
| summarize count() by cloud_RoleName, bin(timestamp, 1d)
| render columnchart

Check git repository size

git count-objects -vH 

Combine fetch and merge to completely update a repository

git pull 

Show git log

git log

Show the files which have changed between the branch and master

git diff --name-only master..branchtocheck

Create and immediately checkout a branch

git checkout -b "#123456-add-dns-resolving"

Show all branches

git branch -a

Show all active branches

git ls-remote --heads origin

Merge changes from master branch, perform from inside the branch

git merge master

Show remote

git remote -v

Update the remote “origin” with a new url in case of a rename of the repo or project

git remote set-url origin https://getshifting@dev.azure.com/getshifting/Infra/_git/infraplayground

Add and commit a new file

git add .
git commit -m "Added new file"

Add and commit in 1 go for changed files

git commit -am "changed a file"

Co-Authoring / Pair coding commit message

Changed a couple of files

Co-Authored-By: Sjoerd <sjoerd @ getshifting.com>

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